UK Reconsiders Stance on Western Sahara, Backs Moroccan Autonomy Plan
Britain's support marks a significant shift in the Western Sahara dispute, aligning with a growing number of nations that endorse Morocco's sovereignty claims.
The United Kingdom has altered its position regarding the contentious Western Sahara conflict, now endorsing Morocco's autonomy proposal as the "most credible" option for resolution, according to British Foreign Secretary David Lammy.
Speaking in Rabat, Lammy characterized the Moroccan plan, which has been on the table since 2007, as the "most viable and pragmatic" basis for a lasting settlement.
This shift represents a notable departure from the UK's previous support for a United Nations-led referendum aimed at determining the future of the territory, which the UN classifies as a 'non-self-governing territory.' The modified stance aligns with those of several other Western nations who have shown increasing support for Rabat's claim to the area.
Moroccan Foreign Minister Nasser Bourita reacted positively to the UK's new position, describing it as a significant contribution to advancing the UN's efforts toward a "final and mutually acceptable solution."
The Moroccan proposal offers extensive autonomy for Western Sahara under Moroccan sovereignty.
This renewed backing is significant for King Mohammed VI of Morocco, particularly as European support for its territorial claims continues to grow.
However, the change in Britain's stance is likely to exacerbate tensions with Algeria, Morocco's regional rival, which backs the Polisario Front — a movement advocating for the independence of Western Sahara.
In response, Algeria condemned the Moroccan proposal as "empty of content" and lacking the potential for a serious resolution to the conflict.
Experts have noted that the UK's position may suggest flexibility, with Isabelle Werenfels of the German Institute for International and Security Affairs pointing out that Lammy's endorsement does not claim to be the only path forward.
In contrast to France's strong backing of the Moroccan plan as the "only basis" for resolution, the UK's approach maintains a diplomatic tone that emphasizes the importance of the UN-led political process.
The UN has historically called for a referendum to allow the inhabitants of Western Sahara to choose between joining Morocco or pursuing independence.
Western Sahara was a Spanish colony until 1976 when Morocco took control amid the decolonization process.
The Polisario Front, founded in 1973, claims to represent the Sahrawi people and declared the establishment of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic in 1976, recognized by 44 countries.
Armed conflict with Morocco ensued shortly thereafter.
Notably, Western Sahara is rich in mineral resources, particularly large phosphate deposits, which further complicates the territorial disputes.
Morocco has invested in tourism infrastructure in the region, including hotels and resorts to attract visitors to areas like Dakhla, which is served by an operational airport since 1993.
The British government's recent decision may also signal its desire to strengthen economic relations with Morocco.
As reported, the UK and Morocco plan to enhance their trade links significantly, with a focus on supporting ventures in the Sahara region.
The geopolitical landscape is evolving as Morocco increasingly positions itself as a gateway to Africa and a potential hub for production.
Algeria's influence in the dispute appears to be waning as European nations shift their stance.
Algeria, while maintaining its support for the Polisario, has faced limited backing from key players in the UN Security Council, despite its status as a prominent gas supplier.
The Algerian government's response to the UK's turnaround has been notably subdued compared to previous reactions to Spain's support for Morocco.
In a further indication of shifting allegiances, Kenya recently declared its support for Morocco's autonomy plan, reflecting broader patterns of growing acceptance of Morocco's position across Africa.
As this situation develops, the implications for regional dynamics and international relations remain significant.